COLORADO STATE - Colorado's majestic Rocky Mountains and diverse landscapes evoke a strong sense of identity today. But before it became the 38th state in 1876 – earning it the nickname "Centennial State" – the now Colorado land went by several other names and was home to a rich tapestry of Native American cultures. 
Before it was Colorado: The Centennial State's Early Names and Native American Heritage
Jefferson Territory: One of the most prominent names predating Colorado was "Jefferson Territory." Established in 1859 by settlers who felt neglected by the federal government, this unrecognized territory encompassed parts of present-day Colorado, Wyoming, and Kansas. Although short-lived, the name reflected the independent spirit of the early pioneers.
Pike's Peak: Following the discovery of gold in 1858, the region became synonymous with "Pike's Peak," named after Zebulon Pike, an American explorer who had attempted to summit the famous mountain in 1806. The Pikes Peak Gold Rush drew thousands of prospectors to the area, shaping its early development and leading to the establishment of Denver City.
The "Mother of Rivers": Another early nickname for Colorado was the "Mother of Rivers," a testament to the numerous waterways that originate in the Rocky Mountains and flow across the state, including the Colorado River, the Arkansas River, and the Rio Grande.
Native American Perspectives:
Long before European explorers and settlers arrived, the land that is now Colorado was inhabited by various Native American tribes. These tribes had their own names and perspectives on the land, reflecting their deep connection to the natural environment.
The Ute: The Ute people, whose name translates to "land of the sun," were among the most prominent tribes in the region. They inhabited the mountainous areas of western Colorado and parts of Utah and New Mexico.
The Arapaho: The Arapaho people, whose name means "people with many tattoos," occupied the eastern plains of Colorado. They were known for their nomadic lifestyle and their skilled horsemanship.
The Cheyenne: The Cheyenne people, whose name is believed to derive from a Dakota Sioux word meaning "red talkers," also inhabited the eastern plains. They were renowned for their warrior culture and close relationship with the Arapaho.
These tribes, along with others like the Apache and the Comanche, shaped the cultural landscape of Colorado long before it became a state. Their legacy remains in the state's place names, archaeological sites, and cultural traditions.
From Territory To Statehood:
The path to statehood for Colorado was marked by a series of transitions and name changes. The Colorado Territory was officially established in 1861, encompassing the boundaries of the present-day state. With the influx of settlers and the growth of mining and agriculture, Colorado finally achieved statehood in 1876, becoming the "Centennial State" in a year of national celebration.
Today, Colorado is a testament to its diverse history, from its Native American roots and early nicknames to its pioneering spirit and eventual statehood. Understanding this rich past allows us to appreciate the complex tapestry that has shaped the Centennial State into what it is today.
