But travel across much of New Jersey, especially North Jersey, and you're far more likely to hear it called a "sub." While essentially referring to the same type of sandwich, this difference in terminology boils down to regional vocabulary, historical origins, and the influence of national trends.
The Case for "Sub": The National Standard
The term "sub" is short for "submarine sandwich," a name widely believed to have originated because the long, cylindrical shape of the sandwich resembles a submarine.
- Widespread Usage: "Sub" is the more common and widely understood term across the United States. Its prevalence means it's the default term in many parts of New Jersey, particularly those closer to the New York metropolitan area or less directly influenced by Philadelphia culture.
- National Chains: Large chain sandwich shops (like Subway, Jersey Mike's Subs, etc.) almost exclusively use "sub" in their branding and menus. This constant reinforcement further cements "sub" as the dominant term in many areas.
The Legend of the "Hoagie": A Philly/South Jersey Original
The term "hoagie" has strong, specific roots in the Philadelphia region.
- Hog Island Origins: The most popular origin story traces the name back to Philadelphia's Hog Island shipyard during World War I. Italian immigrant workers there were known to make large sandwiches filled with cold cuts and cheese on long rolls. These were dubbed "hoggies," possibly after the island or because "you had to be a hog" to eat one.
- Evolution to "Hoagie": Over time, the term "hoggie" likely evolved phonetically into the now-iconic "hoagie." Its use remains deeply ingrained in Philadelphia and the surrounding areas, including much of South Jersey.
New Jersey: The Terminology Battleground
New Jersey sits geographically and culturally between the powerful influence of Philadelphia ("hoagie" territory) and the broader national/New York usage ("sub" territory).
- South Jersey: Closer proximity to Philadelphia means "hoagie" is commonly used and understood.
- North Jersey (and other areas): "Sub" is often the more prevalent term, aligning with national norms and New York influence.
So, why do many people in New Jersey call a hoagie a "sub"? Primarily because "sub" (submarine sandwich) is the more widely used national term, reinforced by national chains, while "hoagie" is a distinct regional term originating in Philadelphia and extending into nearby South Jersey. While the sandwich itself is largely the same delicious creation, the name you use often reveals which side of the invisible linguistic border you're on within the Garden State. Whether you order a "hoagie wit" in Philly or a "sub with everything" in North Jersey, you're likely getting a similar, satisfying sandwich.