Pennsylvania is home to numerous zoological parks and wildlife centers. Still, one holds the distinguished title of not only the oldest zoo in Pennsylvania but also the very first zoo in the United States: the Philadelphia Zoo. This iconic institution has a rich history deeply intertwined with the city's cultural and scientific development, setting the standard for zoos nationwide.
A National First: The Philadelphia Zoo, Pennsylvania's Oldest Zoo
A Historic Charter and a Delayed Opening:
The story of the Philadelphia Zoo begins long before its gates officially opened to the public.
- The Charter of 1859: The Zoological Society of Philadelphia was officially chartered on March 21, 1859. This act established the legal framework and mission for America's first zoo.
- The Civil War Delay: The impending American Civil War put the ambitious plans on hold. The national conflict and its aftermath delayed the construction and Opening of the zoo for over a decade.
- Official Opening in 1874: The Philadelphia Zoo finally opened its gates to the public on July 1, 1874. On its opening day, it housed over 600 animals and charged 25 cents for adult admission.
Pioneering Innovations:
From its earliest days, the Philadelphia Zoo was a pioneer in animal care and exhibition.
- It was home to the world's first Children's Zoo, which opened in 1938.
- It established the first animal health laboratory in a zoo in 1951.
- More recently, it pioneered Zoo360, a groundbreaking, campus-wide network of mesh trails that allows animals, such as tigers, monkeys, and lemurs, to roam above and across the main visitor pathways, providing them with more space and enrichment.
The Zoo Today:
Located on 42 acres in Fairmount Park, the Philadelphia Zoo remains one of the nation's premier zoological institutions. It is home to nearly 1,900 animals, many of which are rare and endangered. The zoo is a leader in conservation and animal wellness, participating in breeding programs and global conservation efforts.
The Philadelphia Zoo holds the undisputed title of the oldest zoo in Pennsylvania and the entire United States. Its founding charter in 1859 and its official Opening in 1874 mark a pivotal moment in American history, representing the nation's growing interest in science, nature, and public education. For nearly 150 years, this iconic Philadelphia landmark has provided discovery, joy, and inspiration to millions of visitors.
Sources:
- The Philadelphia Zoo (Official Website - philadelphiazoo.org)
- The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia
- Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA)
- Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
- Historical archives and records of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia